Tuesday, November 20, 2012

NTFS vs. FAT32

NTFS vs. FAT32
It's often asked; FAT32 or NTFS?  Windows XP pushes you towards NTFS due to artificial limitations of its setup tools, and NT advocates nearly always say "use NTFS it's more secure".  But you may want to think a bit further than that glib knee-jerk advice.
Executive summary
NTFS is a better file system, but the available maintenance tools and options suck.
Either choice, you will win some and lose some.
Detail
FATxx is an old file system that is simple, well-documented, readable from a large number of OSs, and supported by a wide range of tools.
NTFS is a newer file system that is feature-rich, proprietary, undocumented at the raw bytes level, and subject to change - even within Service Packs of the same OS version. 
Keeping NTFS proprietary allows Microsoft to root NT's security features deep within the file system itself, but it does cast doubts about the reliability and version-compatibility of third-party support.  Without an official maintenance OS from Microsoft, one is forced to look to 3rd-party solutions, and the high stakes involved make FUD about accuracy of NTFS support a serious issue. 
You are obliged to use FATxx if you need access from DOS mode or Win9x, e.g. in a dual-boot scenario.
You are obliged to use NTFS if you need support for files over 4G in size, hard drives over 137G in size, and/or you need to implement some of NT's security management that devolves down to NTFS.
Else, weigh up the pros and cons, and remember you can use multiple volumes, with different file systems for each. Even FAT16 has niche strengths (small FAT, large cluster size, easier data recovery) that may make it attractive for certain types of content.
More detail
NTFS may be faster...
   - smaller RAM footprint as avoids large FAT held in RAM
   - indexed design more efficient for many files per directory
   - small file data embedded in dir level, avoids seek to data chain
   - above factors make fragmentation less onerous than for FATxx
   - 4k cluster size matches processor's natural paging size
...or slower...
   - extra overhead of security checks, compression, encryption
   - small clusters may fragment data cluster chains

NTFS may be safer...
   - transaction rollback cleanly undoes interrupted operations
   - file-level permissions can protect data against malware etc.
   - automatically "fixes" failing clusters on the fly (controversial)
...or more at risk...
   - no interactive file system checker (a la Scandisk) for NTFS
   - no maintenance OS for NTFS
   - malware can drill right through NTFS protection, e.g. Witty
   - transaction rollback does not preserve user data
   - transaction rollback does not help other causes of corruption
   - more limited range of maintenance tools
   - automatically "fixes" failing clusters on the fly (controversial)

NTFS may be more space-efficient...
   - smaller cluster size than FAT32 above 8G
   - may include data of small files within the directory level
   - NTFS's bitmap structure is smaller than FAT32's dual FAT
   - sparse files and compression can reduce data space usage
...or less so...
   - NTFS has large MFT structure
   - larger per-file directory metadata space

I would use NTFS where:
  • Users have professional-grade IT admin, including backup
  • Users need to hide data more than they need to salvage it
  • Applications require files over 4G in size
  • Hard drive exceeds the 137G barrier
But while NTFS has no maintenance OS from which...
  • Data can easily be recovered
  • File system structure can be manually checked and repaired
  • Malware can be scanned for and cleaned

Monday, November 19, 2012

How to use Pen Drive as RAM for Windows (PC)



How to use Pen Drive as Ram for Windows (PC)


Follow these easy steps:-

1. Insert the Pen Drive (1GB at least) in the USB port
try to prefer >2GB.
2. Let the PC do what it wants to do to detect it..
3. After it finished his work, you have to act smart,

" Here is what to do"

4. Right Click on My Computer -> Properties
5. Advanced-> Performance Settings.
6. Advanced -> Change
7. Select the Pen Drive
8. Click on Custom Size

" Check the value of space available "

9. Enter the same in the Initial and the Max columns

" You just used the space of the PenDrive as a Virtual Memory "

Restart...
……Swish_!!!  Your PC is fast than ever”

Thursday, November 8, 2012

HOW YOU CAN CHANGE BIOS CHIP




Before you can replace the bios, you must first locate the bios chip on the motherboard. To inspect the motherboard, you will need to open your computer. We will not attempt to explain how to open your specific computer case as the variety of different machines makes this an impossible task. There are, however, usually four or five screws which secure the removable cover to the base frame and front panel. Be sure you disconnect power before attempting to open your computer's case.
Once the case is removed, you can view the internal components of your computer. The motherboard (so named because smaller boards, like children, are attached) is the main flat assembly inside the case. In a desktop enclosure, the motherboard is mounted to the bottom of the case. In a mini-tower or full size tower the motherboard is mounted on the side. The bios chip will most likely be a 32 pin chip in a socket (see photo). Older legacy bios chips may be 28 pins however they too are normally installed in a socket. The chip is normally identified with a sticker (paper, silver or gold) which shows the name of the bios company (such as DESPOTIC) plus the version of code contained within the chip. You must be able to clearly locate and view this chip. If necessary, you may need to further disassemble your computer (remove boards, etc.) to gain clear access to the bios chip. The bios chip must be removed from the motherboard in order to reprogram or replace the part.